Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, which develops from wear and tear over time, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints, causing swelling and discomfort. This inflammation can affect multiple joints simultaneously, most commonly in the hands, wrists, feet, and knees. RA can make everyday tasks like opening jars, typing, walking, or getting dressed increasingly challenging as the condition progresses and joint function becomes compromised.
What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis?
The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis isn’t fully understood, but several factors can increase the likelihood of developing this condition:
- Autoimmune Response: The immune system attacks healthy joint tissue, though the trigger for this response remains unclear.
- Genetic Factors: Having family members with RA or other autoimmune conditions can increase your risk.
- Environmental Triggers: Smoking, infections, or exposure to certain substances may activate the condition in susceptible individuals.
- Hormonal Factors: RA is more common in women, suggesting hormones may play a role in its development.
- Age: While RA can develop at any age, it most commonly begins in middle adulthood.
Rheumatoid arthritis typically develops gradually, with symptoms appearing over weeks or months. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and maintaining quality of life.
Not sure if your joint pain is rheumatoid arthritis? Our experienced physiotherapists at True Physio can provide a thorough assessment and create a treatment plan tailored to your needs. Contact us today to schedule your appointment.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
If you have rheumatoid arthritis, you might experience:
- Pain, swelling, and tenderness in multiple joints, often affecting both sides of the body symmetrically.
- Morning stiffness lasting 30 minutes or longer that improves with movement.
- Fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell.
- Warmth and redness around affected joints.
- Reduced range of motion and difficulty performing daily activities.
Spotting these early warning signs is important. Ignoring them can lead to permanent joint damage, deformity, and significant disability over time.
Our Crewe Clinic received this review after a patient saw Stephen “I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and was struggling with stiffness and pain in my hands and knees. Stephen was fantastic, he listened carefully to my concerns, assessed my joint function, and designed an exercise programme that I could manage even on difficult days. He explained how physiotherapy could help me maintain mobility and reduce pain. I’ve noticed real improvements in my strength and flexibility, and feel much more in control of my condition. Highly recommend Stephen and the team.”
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapy plays a vital role in managing rheumatoid arthritis and improving quality of life. Treatment approaches include:
- Gentle Exercise Programmes: Low impact activities help maintain joint flexibility, strengthen supporting muscles, and reduce stiffness without aggravating inflammation.
- Pain Management Techniques: Manual therapy, heat or cold application, and other modalities can help reduce pain and swelling.
- Joint Protection Strategies: Learning how to move and perform daily tasks in ways that minimise joint stress and prevent further damage.
- Improving Range of Motion: Specific stretching and mobility exercises help maintain joint function and prevent contractures.
- Fatigue Management: Pacing strategies and energy conservation techniques help you stay active while managing RA related tiredness.
For many people living with rheumatoid arthritis, regular physiotherapy combined with medical treatment can significantly reduce symptoms, maintain independence, and help them continue participating in work, hobbies, and family life.
Our Clinical Manager, Ben Ratcliffe, explains: “Rheumatoid arthritis requires a comprehensive approach. Physiotherapy is essential for maintaining joint mobility, building muscle strength, and preventing long term complications. We work closely with each patient to create an exercise programme that adapts to their symptoms, ensuring they stay as active as possible while respecting their body’s limits. With consistent physiotherapy, most people can manage their RA effectively and maintain a good quality of life.”
Living Well with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Managing rheumatoid arthritis effectively involves lifestyle strategies that support joint health and overall wellbeing:
- Stay active with regular low impact exercise such as swimming, walking, or yoga to maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength.
- Balance activity with rest, especially during flare ups when joints are particularly inflamed.
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on weight bearing joints.
- Follow your medication regime as prescribed by your rheumatologist to control inflammation and slow disease progression.
- Use assistive devices or joint protection techniques when needed to reduce strain on affected joints.
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques, as stress can trigger symptom flare ups.
- Consider complementary therapies such as massage alongside your physiotherapy treatment. Many people with RA find that massage helps manage muscle tension and promotes overall wellbeing. Discover how physiotherapy and massage work together in our dedicated blog on Physio and Massage.
Even with a chronic condition like RA, making positive lifestyle choices and working with healthcare professionals can help you maintain mobility, reduce pain, and continue enjoying life.
When to Seek Professional Help
If you experience persistent joint pain, swelling, or stiffness, especially if it affects multiple joints or both sides of your body, it’s important to get a professional assessment. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent irreversible joint damage and improve long term outcomes.
At True Physio, we specialise in helping people manage rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic joint conditions. Our personalised treatment plans combine expert assessment, physiotherapy, and practical lifestyle advice, helping you maintain mobility and live as actively as possible. Book an appointment today at your local clinic.